Linguistics and Change Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and Change Essay It is very easy to demonstrate to English speakers that languages change over time. (Holmes, 210) Language is always changing just because of the time, the people, the gender, the age, the social class, etc. It is very normal to see even in a decade that language has change in some ways, it always maintain the original background but as it goes changing it may be that you wont recognize it that much. Like an example that is mentioned by Holmes, it says that the k of knit and knife wasnt silent in the fifteenth century. So it can be seen how important the matter of time is in language change. Another example given by Holmes is about the meaning of the words like once nice meant ‘precise, and before that it meant ‘fastidious and earlier still it meant ‘ignorant. Language varies in three ways: -overtime -in physical space -socially Which are the major ways that variation occurs in language. We can understand by variation that is the way language changes, a general term, general changes. And by change we can understand that is when a word, the pronunciation, etc. is modified overtime. In fewer words is the modification of a special concept. So a language change has its origins in variation (Holmes, 212) its understood that when a new form is spread it means that the change its being done. And if at the end the new form is now used instead of the old one it means it has already completed the change. Thats called ‘fait accompli. The changes spread depending on the social factors such as gender, status, age, region, etc. Linguistic changes infiltrate groups from the speech of people on the margins between social or regional groups via the ‘middle people who have contact in more than one group (Holmes 218) this is called change from group to group, and it determines that the middle class has much more contact than for example the high with the low, but as an intermediate the changes can be made in all groups, specially if it comes from the high and it goes to the low. Theres also the change from style to style that is about the formal and casual speech. It goes from a style to another and from an individual to another and from a social group to another. And the change  word to word, sound changes spread through different words one by one. (Holmes, 222) this is known as lexical diffusion and it means it begins in one word and then goes further with similar phonetic sound words. But its not all at the same time. As a conclusion I might say that I think language change is a complex concept because the change involves a lot of factors that make it happen. But at the end it continues happening and wont stop. Thats why the older people barely understand the new changes, but the ones that understand the new ones, will have a hard time with the future ones. Bibliography Holmes, Janet. AN INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS. New York: Longman, 1992.

Violent Media’s Effect on Youth Essay -- Violence

There is no doubt that mass media impacts the people who consume it. While the media was originally designed to inform people, it has now become so much more. Modern media, especially in the area of violence, can have effects on the viewer’s behavior. Unfortunately the negative effects associated with the progression in the media’s communication technology, have begun to outweigh the positive impact of this representation of media. Media is both an important and time-consuming aspect of modern child’s life due to the fact that children from ages eight to eighteen spend about 44.5 hours a week (6.5 hours a day) partaking in media. The media is consumed in forms of the computer and it’s functions with the Internet, television, and interactive video games. All this time consuming these forms of media added up takes up more time than any other events in their lives besides sleeping. It has been said that the presentation of violent media to young children and adolescents has the most harmful effects on children in varying ways. This is supported by the fact that violence in forms of suicide, homicide, and trauma are the leading causes of death in children and young adults, outweighing the cause of death by sickness. Media programs aimed at young audiences have gone as far as becoming very similar to adult programs in terms of content in language and violence. A typical child in the U.S. watches 28 hours of TV weekly, seeing as many as 8,000 murders by the time he or she finishes elementary school at age 11, and worse, the killers are depicted as getting away with the murders 75% of the time while showing no remorse or accountability. (â€Å"Violence in Media† 1) In the U.S. this is an average of 20-25 viol... ...guided along by a parent. Works Cited â€Å"Childhood Exposure to Media Violence Predicts Young Adult Aggressive Behavior, According to a New 15 - Year Study.† Apa.org. American Psychological Association, 9 March 2003. Web. 2 February 2010. â€Å"Children And Media Violence† MediaWise.org. National Institute On Media & The Family. Fact Sheet. June 2009. Web. 2 February 2010. â€Å"Children One Click Away From Violence, Adult Content.† Wpbf.com. West Palm Beach News, 4 February 2010. Web. 5 February 2010. McCrindle, Mark. â€Å"Many Ingredients Make This Gen Y Cocktail of Violence.† Theage.com. 5 February 2010. Web. 5 February 2010. Torr, James D. â€Å"Violence in Media.† Current Controversies. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2001. Print. â€Å"Violence in the Media- Psychologists Help Protect Children from Harmful Effects.† Psychology Matters. 2009. Web. 23 February 2010.

Domestic Violence In Sports Essay

Throughout history, sports players have been in the public eye. They’re much thought of as the heroic figures to those who desire a career in the league or even the â€Å"die hard† fans who are dedicated. When thinking of the stereotypical traits of a heroic figure as someone who’s trustworthy, honesty and viewed to be an untouchable individual. But as we all know not every story is what some may call â€Å"picture perfect†. People fail to realize that their champion winning sports players we cheer on during game days are just like everyone in the world. The question being how can we establish a connection with ones that real side may barely be shown? In recent weeks, sports media has been booming with tabloids about domestic violence cases of well-known players in their leagues. As we the public become intrigued to see these players fall from their immortal status from committing such a crime thought to be impossible for them. As fans typically only take a glance of their lives on the field; I come to wonder if it’s more of a shock to them or a reality of everyone’s ability to be held equally. Would the standards be different if your position in society didn’t matter as much as the crime that has been committed should? An article published online in USA Today last week, states that even with the multiple controversies going on in the NFL and the nation, is taking much needed action towards players involved in the domestic violence convictions such as. Actions are also being taken in teams like the Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice, was charged with a domestic violence case with an assault his then-fiancà ©e Janay Rice, who was left unconscious for in an elevator. Rice is known to have a clean record, after authorities released the video of Rice and his then fiancà ©e knocked out; the agreement between the NFL and the Ravens to end Rice’s contract following up with an indefinite suspension. This decision was reported by researchers- Erik Brady and Jim Corbett both journalist for USA Today. In addition to the NFL furthers taking action an article by researcher Will Brinson a Senior NFL Writer, writes weekly articles and directs videos for CBS Sports.com. Brinson quotes statement from a memo from Commissioner Roger Goodell to the 32 NFL owners â€Å"The NFL is hiring four women advisors in shaping the league’s stance on domestic violence†, The league is attempting to change the outlook of how it handles domestic  violence with the hopes of being looked at for an earnest effort towards change. Goodell wrote, â€Å"Because domestic violence and sexual assault are broad societal issues, we have engaged leading experts to provide specialized advice and guidance in ensuring that the NFL’s programs reflect the most current and effective approaches.† In addition to Goodell’s memo, he also stated a plan for the four women such as Lisa Friel, the former Sex Crime Prosecution Unit in New York County District Attorney’s Office to be one of the women to peruse the NFL’s efforts. Domestic violence is the behavior used by one person in a relationship to control the other. This violence takes place in many forms and can happen all the time or once in a while. Although both men and women are susceptible to abuse, the most common cases are known to be found dealing with women who have been in some form neglected or abused. In studies cases of domestic violence have been on the rise, meaning more cases of not just celebrities but people all around the nat ion. As the talk rises of domestic violence cases pertaining to sports people see this as tragedy and a new cause to crime that has been happening for decades. It’s taken little pity on the actual victim but more on the player who is at fault. In the SBNation article written by Stephen â€Å"Poseour† Blake, stating that most fans are leaning towards defending team players rather than raising awareness for those who have been emotionally and physically impacted by the crime done. When do we ask ourselves, is supporting something worth it? With a personal belief that we should live by the rules of treating everyone with fairness and honesty as fans indicate sports players to be. In conclusion, I think that athletes are treated to an alternate standard compared to everyone because more is invested into their successful than their downfall. More cases of domestic violence are becoming better known to the public; especially in sports mostly pertaining to players in the NFL league. My feelings towards this topic are that even with fame of being known for a talent is a very rare accomplishment that’s few get to achieve. People still need to realize that no matter how famous a person becomes their still accountable for their actions. Personally I think that more should be done to the person accused of the crime just as equally for someone who isn’t on the fame radar. Punishment shouldn’t have a limit just because this person is well- known. Alon g with fans treating the victims more like the criminals instead of the players. When in reality  being a â€Å"die hard† fan doesn’t always mean supporting what’s wrong.

What does the notion of legitimacy and social contract...

What does the notion of legitimacy and social contract have to do with corporate disclosure policies? Introduction In recent years, corporations have increasingly used their annual reports to voluntarily report information relating to their social actions, particularly those concerning the natural environment (Gray et al.1995). More specifically, corporations have been changing their disclosure policy towards the triple bottom line reporting, where in addition to economic performance, social and environmental issues of the companys performance are given (Deegan 2002). This has drawn the attention of researchers, and a number of theories have been postulated as to why companies disclose such information. According to Deegan and Rankin†¦show more content†¦The organisations have no natural right to these benefits, and in order to allow their existence, society would expect the benefits to exceed the costs to society. The society allows the corporation to operate as long as it meets their expectations. Again considering the Legitimacy Theory, the organisation should consider the rights of t he public at large, not merely those of its investors. If the company fails to meet these expectations, the society would react by imposing sanctions, for example legal restrictions or high taxes, fines, demand reduction of the companys products, eliminating the supply for labour and financial capital top the business. Heard and Bolce (1981) argue that with such high social expectations, a successful corporation would react and attend to the environmental and social consequences of their activities. Thus, organisations would take various actions to ensure that their operations are perceived legitimate. They will attempt to establish congruence between the social values associated with or implied by their activities and the norms of acceptable behaviour in the larger social system of which they are part (Dowling and Pfeffer, p.110). M. Garcial-Ayuso et al. (1998) suggest three conditions to be fulfilled in order for legitimacy theory to represent a consistent basis for the analysis and understanding ofShow MoreRelated3101AFE Seminar Questions from Seminars 1 6 Sem 1 20151558 Words   |  7 Pageshow they prepare financial statements, would you have developed a positive theory or a normative theory? QUESTION 2 - Question 1.3: What is a conceptual framework, and would it be considered to be a positive or a normative theory of accounting? QUESTION 3 – Question 1.27 (NEW): The International Accounting Standards Board has a number of roles, including formulating accounting standards and developing a conceptual framework. 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